mysql 实现oracle start with connect by递归
在Oracle 中我们知道有一个 Hierarchical Queries 通过CONNECT BY 我们可以方便的查了所有当前节点下的所有子节点。但很遗憾,在MySQL的目前版本中还没有对应的功能。
在MySQL中如果是有限的层次,比如我们事先如果可以确定这个树的最大深度是4, 那么所有节点为根的树的深度均不会超过4,则我们可以直接通过left join 来实现。
但很多时候我们无法控制树的深度。这时就需要在MySQL中用存储过程来实现或在你的程序中来实现这个递归。本文讨论一下几种实现的方法。
样例数据:
mysql> create
table treeNodes
-> (
-> id int primary key,
-> nodename varchar(20),
-> pid int
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> select * from treenodes;
+----+----------+------+
| id | nodename | pid |
+----+----------+------+
| 1 |
A
| 0 |
| 2 |
B
| 1 |
| 3 |
C
| 1 |
| 4 |
D
| 2 |
| 5 |
E
| 2 |
| 6 |
F
| 3 |
| 7 |
G
| 6 |
| 8 |
H
| 0 |
| 9 |
I
| 8 |
| 10 |
J
| 8 |
| 11 |
K
| 8 |
| 12 |
L
| 9 |
| 13 |
M
| 9 |
| 14 |
N
| 12 |
| 15 |
O
| 12 |
| 16 |
P
| 15 |
| 17 |
Q
| 15 |
+----+----------+------+
17 rows in set (0.00 sec)
树形图如下
1:A
+-- 2:B
| +--
4:D
| +--
5:E
+-- 3:C
+-- 6:F
+-- 7:G
8:H
+-- 9:I
| +--
12:L
|
|
+--14:N
|
|
+--15:O
|
|
+--16:P
|
|
+--17:Q
| +--
13:M
+-- 10:J
+--
11:K
方法一:利用函数来得到所有子节点号。
创建一个function getChildLst, 得到一个由所有子节点号组成的字符串.
mysql> delimiter
//
mysql>
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION `getChildLst`(rootId
INT)
-> RETURNS
varchar(1000)
-> BEGIN
-> DECLARE sTemp
VARCHAR(1000);
-> DECLARE
sTempChd VARCHAR(1000);
->
-> SET sTemp =
'$';
-> SET sTempChd
=cast(rootId as CHAR);
->
-> WHILE
sTempChd is not null DO
->
SET sTemp =
concat(sTemp,',',sTempChd);
->
SELECT
group_concat(id) INTO sTempChd FROM treeNodes where
FIND_IN_SET(pid,sTempChd)>0;
-> END
WHILE;
-> RETURN
sTemp;
-> END
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> delimiter ;
使用我们直接利用find_in_set函数配合这个getChildlst来查找
mysql> select
getChildLst(1);
+-----------------+
| getChildLst(1) |
+-----------------+
| $,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from treeNodes
-> where
FIND_IN_SET(id, getChildLst(1));
+----+----------+------+
| id | nodename | pid |
+----+----------+------+
| 1 | A
|
0 |
| 2 | B
|
1 |
| 3 | C
|
1 |
| 4 | D
|
2 |
| 5 | E
|
2 |
| 6 | F
|
3 |
| 7 | G
|
6 |
+----+----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from treeNodes
-> where
FIND_IN_SET(id, getChildLst(3));
+----+----------+------+
| id | nodename | pid |
+----+----------+------+
| 3 | C
|
1 |
| 6 | F
|
3 |
| 7 | G
|
6 |
+----+----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
优点: 简单,方便,没有递归调用层次深度的限制 (max_sp_recursion_depth,最大255) ;
缺点:长度受限,虽然可以扩大 RETURNS varchar(1000),但总是有最大限制的。
MySQL目前版本( 5.1.33-community)中还不支持function 的递归调用。
方法二:利用临时表和过程递归
创建存储过程如下。createChildLst 为递归过程,showChildLst为调用入口过程,准备临时表及初始化。
mysql> delimiter
//
mysql>
mysql> # 入口过程
mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE showChildLst (IN rootId
INT)
-> BEGIN
-> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT
EXISTS tmpLst
-> (sno int
primary key auto_increment,id int,depth int);
-> DELETE FROM
tmpLst;
->
-> CALL
createChildLst(rootId,0);
->
-> select
tmpLst.*,treeNodes.* from tmpLst,treeNodes where
tmpLst.id=treeNodes.id order by tmpLst.sno;
-> END;
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> # 递归过程
mysql> CREATE
PROCEDURE createChildLst (IN rootId INT,IN nDepth INT)
-> BEGIN
-> DECLARE done
INT DEFAULT 0;
-> DECLARE b
INT;
-> DECLARE cur1
CURSOR FOR SELECT id FROM treeNodes where pid=rootId;
-> DECLARE
CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;
->
-> insert into
tmpLst values (null,rootId,nDepth);
->
-> OPEN
cur1;
->
-> FETCH cur1
INTO b;
-> WHILE done=0
DO
->
CALL
createChildLst(b,nDepth+1);
->
FETCH cur1
INTO b;
-> END
WHILE;
->
-> CLOSE
cur1;
-> END;
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delimiter ;
调用时传入结点
mysql> call
showChildLst(1);
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| sno | id | depth | id |
nodename | pid |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| 4
| 1
|
0 | 1 |
A
| 0 |
| 5
| 2
|
1 | 2 |
B
| 1 |
| 6
| 4
|
2 | 4 |
D
| 2 |
| 7
| 5
|
2 | 5 |
E
| 2 |
| 8
| 3
|
1 | 3 |
C
| 1 |
| 9
| 6
|
2 | 6 |
F
| 3 |
| 10
| 7
|
3 | 7 |
G
| 6 |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
7 rows in set
(0.13 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.14 sec)
mysql>
mysql> call showChildLst(3);
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| sno | id | depth | id |
nodename | pid |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| 1
| 3
|
0 | 3 |
C
| 1 |
| 2
| 6
|
1 | 6 |
F
| 3 |
| 3
| 7
|
2 | 7 |
G
| 6 |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
3 rows in set
(0.11 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.11 sec)
depth 为深度,这样可以在程序进行一些显示上的格式化处理。类似于oracle中的 level 伪列。sno 仅供排序控制。这样你还可以通过临时表tmpLst与数据库中其它表进行联接查询。
MySQL中你可以利用系统参数 max_sp_recursion_depth 来控制递归调用的层数上限。如下例设为12.
mysql> set
max_sp_recursion_depth=12;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
优点 : 可以更灵活处理,及层数的显示。并且可以按照树的遍历顺序得到结果。
缺点 : 递归有255的限制。
方法三:利用中间表和过程
(本方法由yongyupost2000提供样子改编)
创建存储过程如下。由于MySQL中不允许在同一语句中对临时表多次引用,只以使用普通表tmpLst来实现了。当然你的程序中负责在用完后清除这个表。
delimiter
//
drop PROCEDURE IF EXISTS showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000//
CREATE PROCEDURE
showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000 (IN rootid INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE Level int ;
drop TABLE IF EXISTS tmpLst;
CREATE TABLE tmpLst (
id int,
nLevel int,
sCort varchar(8000)
);
Set Level=0 ;
INSERT into tmpLst SELECT id,Level,ID FROM
treeNodes WHERE PID=rootid;
WHILE ROW_COUNT()>0 DO
SET Level=Level+1 ;
INSERT into tmpLst
SELECT
A.ID,Level,concat(B.sCort,A.ID) FROM treeNodes A,tmpLst B
WHERE
A.PID=B.ID AND B.nLevel=Level-1 ;
END WHILE;
END;
//
delimiter ;
CALL
showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000(0);
执行完后会产生一个tmpLst表,nLevel 为节点深度,sCort 为排序字段。
使用方法
SELECT concat(SPACE(B.nLevel*2),'+--',A.nodename)
FROM treeNodes A,tmpLst B
WHERE A.ID=B.ID
ORDER BY B.sCort;
+--------------------------------------------+
| concat(SPACE(B.nLevel*2),'+--',A.nodename) |
+--------------------------------------------+
|
+--A
|
|
+--B
|
|
+--D
|
|
+--E
|
|
+--C
|
|
+--F
|
|
+--G
|
|
+--H
|
|
+--J
|
|
+--K
|
|
+--I
|
|
+--L
|
|
+--N
|
|
+--O
|
|
+--P
|
|
+--Q
|
|
+--M
|
+--------------------------------------------+
17 rows in set (0.00 sec)